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Notes for Lecture 3 - January 22, 2008
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Demos and discussion of several programs:

* Programming practice
** printf, scanf, formats
** format codes %i, %g, %lg
** puts
** scanf response to bad user input and return value
** data validation; avoidance of garbage output
** preprocessor: #include, #define
** floating point and integer operations
** assignment operator =
** comparison operator ==
** arithmetic operators +, -, *, /, %
** compound assignment operators +=, /=, %=, ++x
** if, else, while, for(;;) control statements
** int main(void) and return value

* Algorithms
** finding length of binary representation
** base conversion

* Concept of number representation
** an integer is an abstract mathematical entity
** an int represents certain integers as bits in a computer
We think of operating on integers, but the machine manipulates
bits to give that illusion.