CS 458/558 - Paper
Assigned: | Wednesday February 21 |
Deadline: | Monday April 1, 11:59pm |
As the syllabus states, you are required to write a short paper for
this course, which counts for 20% of your grade. This is that paper.
Your paper should be around 5 pages (1500 words). You should submit
it in canvas, as an uploaded file in word or pdf format.
For the paper, you should read the book
Goal-based Decision Making.(GBDM) Stephen Slade.
Hardcover: 304 pages.
Publisher: Psychology Press (October 1, 1993).
It may also be available at the Yale Bookstore. (I have not looked.)
Online copy through Yale library
Online copy of thesis from which book was derived at Yale Library
In so far as possible, you should incorporate ideas from the book into your paper.
Note: you do not have to agree with the book. You can challenge or dispute it.
Topics
Below are the topics from which you may choose.
- The Turing Test. Take a stand. Is it good or bad as a measure
of artificial intelligence? Why?
- Searle and the Chinese Room. This paper originally appeared
in Behavioral and Brain Sciences, a peer commentary journal.
It was published along with a couple dozen critiques. Write your
own critique.
- Cognitive Modelling: Benefit or Necessity? Discuss
the benefits and needs for AI programs to mirror human cognitive processes.
- Chatting up ChatGPT, Gemini, et al.. Siri and Alexa primarily
respond to questions. What would it take to have a long
conversation with a computer? I encourage you to take the
cognitive modelling perspective and explore what it takes for a
person to engage in a long conversation. What does ChatGPT tell us about
human cognition?
- Driverless cars: the next frontier. As suggested in
the video trailer for this course, the Trolley Problem is not the
best test for driverless vehicles. What should a driverless car know
in order to be more like a human chauffeur?
- Risk management. In the fintech world, risk management is the practice
of mitigating the downside risk of your investments. That is, to minimize how
much money you lose. As we learned, risk is often quantified by the volatility
of your portfolio. In life, there are predictable risks which we can mitigate. In driving a
car, you can get a flat tire. You can mitigate this risk by carrying a spare or
belonging to a roadside assistance plan such as AAA. You have the risk of getting sick.
You mitigate this risk in part by having health insurance (and getting vaccinated).
In computer programming, we are also concerned with mitigating
risk. In programming, risk is often equated with errors or exceptions.
That is something happens which causes the program to break. Many of these exceptional conditions are known in advance, such as division by zero or missing files. Python
has an extensive list of built-in exceptions. For this topic, I ask you to come up with a similar list
of exceptions for finance and investing, preferably with risk mitigation plans.
Examples include foreign exchange risk and credit
risk.
- Emotions. What are the benefits of a computer program understanding
emotions? How about a computer having emotions? Propose how to do this.
See GBDM pages 95-97, 104.
- Experience. There is a saying: good judgment comes from experience and
experience comes from bad judgment. Why do many people become less idealistic
over time? Possible explanations include finding counterexamples to
expectations, adopting conflicting goals through relationships,
making bad decisions that need to be justified. Try to frame your discussion
using the goal-based model of interpersonal relationships. Thus,
how would a computer change over time through its experience and relationships?
- Digital Ethics The five principles of digital ethics, as provided by Professor Floridi, are beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, justice, and
explicability. In this class, we have emphasized the last point, namely
that computers should not be black boxes. They should be able to explain
themselves. GBDM demonstrates one framework for achieving explicability.
How can you use the GBDM approach to address the other principles:
doing good, not doing bad, deciding to decide, and societal good.
Can you create an ethical computer? You get an automatic upgrade if
you tackle this question.
- Dealer's Choice. If you have a different idea for a paper, you should
run it by me. I am likely to approve it. If you are going this route, you should
get approval before spring break.
ChatGPT / Gemini etc.
Even if you don't write explicitly about ChatGPT and friends, you are
welcome to use them in developing your paper. You can use them as a
sounding board - that is, bounce ideas off them. You may also use them to
massage your prose. In any event, if you use an AI tool, you should
document it. That is, provide a transcript as an appendix to your
paper showing the AI exchanges.
How to Write a Paper
In previous years, I assumed that Yale students knew how to write a paper. I was wrong. Your essay
should have the following structure.
- An introductory paragraph concluding with a thesis statement. The thesis statement
is what you are going to demonstrate. It is the point of the paper.
- Three or more paragraphs or sections supporting your thesis statement.
- A concluding paragraph that recapitulates your thesis statement.
Most of you are friendly with Mr. Number and, by extension, mathematical proofs. An essay is
like a proof. You begin a proof with a statement of what you intend to prove. This is like
the thesis statement. Your reader should never be confused or uncertain about the point of
your argument.
The steps of the proof are axioms or logical inferences that form the foundation of your
argument. These are like the supporting paragraphs of your paper.
A proof ends with the conclusion, which is the original statement, albeit now you
have proven it. QED stands for quod erat demonstrandum, "Which was to be demonstrated."
Sometimes you may also see W5, or "which was what we wanted."
Your reader should always know what you are trying to prove.