This study guide lists all section titles and slide titles from the posted lecture notes. Numbers in parentheses following bullet points are active links to the lecture notes where the slide appears.

1 About This Course

  ∙ Where to find information (01)

  ∙ Course mechanics (01)

  ∙ Course goals (01)

  ∙ Who programs and why? (01)

  ∙ How long does a program last? (01)

  ∙ What are the characteristics of a good program? (01)

  ∙ When do good programs matter? (01)

  ∙ Important properties for lifecycle management (01)

  ∙ Why does C++ help one write good programs? (01)

2 Topics to be Covered

  ∙ Major Areas (01)

  ∙ Course goals - practical (01)

  ∙ Course goals - conceptual (01)

3 Kinds of Programming

  ∙ Problem solving (01)

  ∙ Software Construction (01)

  ∙ Industrial-Strength Sofware (01)

4 Why C++?

  ∙ C/C++ are popular (01)

  ∙ C/C++ is flexible (01)

  ∙ Advantages and disadvantages of C++ (01)

  ∙ Downsides of C++ (01)

5 C++ Programming Standards

  ∙ Five commandments for this course (01)

  ∙ Can is not the same as should! (01)

  ∙ Rules for preparing your work (01)

  ∙ Rules for submitting your work (01)

6 Task List

  ∙ Tasks for this week (02)

7 C++ Overview

7.1 C++ Language Design Goals

  ∙ Why did C need a ++? (02)

  ∙ C++ was Designed for Modeling (02)

  ∙ General properties of C++ (02)

7.2 Comparison of C and C++

  ∙ C++ Extends C (02)

  ∙ Some Extensions in C++ (02)

8 Building a Project

8.1 C/C++ Compilation Model

  ∙ What is a project? (02)

  ∙ C++ compilation model (02)

  ∙ Header files (02)

  ∙ What’s in a header file? (02)

  ∙ What’s in an implementation file? (02)

  ∙ Compiling in linux (02)

  ∙ Linking (02)

  ∙ System libraries (02)

  ∙ One-line compilation (02)

8.2 Project management

  ∙ The job of the project manager (02)

  ∙ Command line development tools (02)

8.3 A sample project

  ∙ Parts of a simple project (02)

  ∙ Dependencies (02)

  ∙ A sample Makefile (02)

  ∙ Parts of a Makefile (02)

  ∙ Macros (02)

  ∙ Rules (02)

  ∙ Rules (02)

  ∙ Dependencies (02)

  ∙ Implicit rules (02)

9 Integrated Development Environments

  ∙ Graphical development tools: IDEs (02)

  ∙ Recommended IDE’s (02)

  ∙ Integrated Development Environment (e.g., Eclipse) (02)

  ∙ Integrated Development Environment (e.g., Eclipse) (02)

  ∙ Integrated Development Environment (02)

10 Submission Instructions

  ∙ Submitting your assignments (02)

11 Insertion Sort Example

11.1 Program specification

  ∙ Design process: Insertion Sort (03)

  ∙ A more refined specification (03)

11.2 Monolithic solution

  ∙ A first solution (03)

  ∙ What is wrong with this? (03)

11.3 Modular solution in C

  ∙ A modular solution (03)

  ∙ A modular solution (cont.) (03)

11.4 Modular solution in C++

  ∙ C++ version (03)

12 Classes

12.1 Header file

  ∙ Header file format (03)

  ∙ Class declaration (03)

  ∙ class DataPack (03)

  ∙ Class elements (03)

  ∙ Inline functions (03)

  ∙ Visibility (03)

  ∙ Constructor (03)

  ∙ Constructor (03)

  ∙ Destructor (03)

  ∙ Destructor (03)

12.2 Implementation file

  ∙ dataPack.cpp (03)

  ∙ File I/O (03)

12.3 Main program

  ∙ main.cpp (03)

12.4 Building InsertionSortCpp

  ∙ Manual compiling and linking (03)

  ∙ Compiling and linking using make (03)

13 Problem Set 2 Preview

  ∙ Think-A-Dot (04)

14 C++ I/O

  ∙ Streams (04)

  ∙ Opening and closing streams (04)

  ∙ Reading data (04)

  ∙ Writing data (04)

  ∙ Manipulators (04)

  ∙ Print methods in new classes (04)

  ∙ Extending the I/O operators (04)

  ∙ Remarks on operator extensions (04)

  ∙ Why << returns a stream reference (04)

  ∙ Must it be inline? (04)

15 End of File and I/O Errors

  ∙ Status bits (04)

  ∙ Status functions (04)

  ∙ What eof means (04)

  ∙ When eof is turned on (04)

  ∙ Reading an int (04)

  ∙ Reading an int (cont.) (04)

  ∙ Examples (04)

  ∙ Common file-reading mistakes (04)

  ∙ Failing to read the last number (04)

  ∙ Reading the last number twice (04)

  ∙ How to read all numbers in a file (04)

16 Functions and Methods

  ∙ Call by value (04)

  ∙ Call by pointer (04)

17 Functions and Methods

17.1 Parameters

  ∙ Call by value (recall) (05)

  ∙ Call by pointer (recall) (05)

  ∙ Call by reference (05)

  ∙ I/O uses reference parameters (05)

17.2 Choosing Parameter Types

  ∙ How should one choose the parameter type? (05)

  ∙ Sending data to a function: call by value (05)

  ∙ Sending data to a function: call by reference or pointer (05)

  ∙ Receiving data from a function (05)

17.3 The Implicit Argument

  ∙ The implicit argument (05)

  ∙ this (05)

18 Derivation

  ∙ Class relationships (05)

  ∙ What is derivation? (05)

  ∙ Instances (05)

  ∙ Some uses of derivation (05)

  ∙ Example: Parallelogram (05)

  ∙ Example: Rectangle (05)

  ∙ Example: Square (05)

  ∙ Notes on Square (05)

19 Construction, Initialization, and Destruction

  ∙ Structure of an object (05)

  ∙ Example of object of a derived class (05)

  ∙ Referencing a composed object (05)

  ∙ Referencing a base object (05)

  ∙ Initializing an object (05)

  ∙ Construction rules (05)

  ∙ Destruction rules (05)

  ∙ Constructor ctors (05)

  ∙ Initialization ctors (05)

  ∙ Initialization not same as assignment (05)

  ∙ Copy constructors (05)

  ∙ Move constructors (05)

20 Brackets Example

  ∙ Code demo (06)

  ∙ The problem (06)

  ∙ A bracket matching algorithm (06)

  ∙ Program design (06)

  ∙ Token class (06)

  ∙ Token class (cont.) (06)

  ∙ Token design questions (06)

  ∙ Token design questions (cont.) (06)

  ∙ Stack class (06)

  ∙ Stack design questions (06)

  ∙ Brackets class (07)

  ∙ Brackets design questions (07)

  ∙ Main file (07)

21 Storage Management

  ∙ Objects and storage (07)

  ∙ Name (07)

  ∙ Type of a storage object (07)

  ∙ Storage block (07)

  ∙ Connecting names to objects (07)

  ∙ Lifetime (07)

  ∙ Storage class (07)

  ∙ Dynamic extensions (07)

  ∙ Copying (07)

  ∙ The double-delete problem (07)

  ∙ When does copying occur? (07)

  ∙ Assignment (07)

  ∙ Copy constructor (07)

  ∙ Redefining assignment and the copy constructor (07)

  ∙ Static data members (08)

  ∙ Example from brackets demo (08)

  ∙ Static data member example (08)

  ∙ Class definition (08)

  ∙ Static function members (08)

  ∙ Static class functions are global (08)

  ∙ Debugging memory management errors (08)

  ∙ Five common kinds of failures (08)

  ∙ Memory leak (08)

  ∙ Amnesia (08)

  ∙ Segmentation fault (08)

  ∙ Bus error (08)

  ∙ Waiting for eternity (08)

  ∙ What kinds of program errors cause these problems? (08)

  ∙ What makes these problems hard to diagnose? (08)

22 Bar Graph Demo

  ∙ Overview of bar graph demo (08)

  ∙ Overview (cont.) (08)

  ∙ Method (08)

  ∙ Analysis of 08-BarGraph demo (08)

  ∙ Analysis of 08-BarGraph demo (09)

  ∙ main.cpp (09)

  ∙ Design issues for main.cpp (09)

  ∙ graph.hpp (09)

  ∙ graph.cpp (09)

  ∙ Class discussion on bargraph design issues (09)

  ∙ graph.cpp (10)

  ∙ Design issues for Graph class (10)

  ∙ row.hpp (10)

  ∙ row.cpp (10)

  ∙ rowNest.hpp (10)

  ∙ Discussion of row.hpp vs. rowNest.hpp (10)

  ∙ item.hpp (10)

23 Introduction to the C++ standard library

  ∙ A bit of history (10)

  ∙ Some useful classes (10)

  ∙ Class stringstream (10)

  ∙ stringstream example (10)

  ∙ vector (10)

  ∙ Other operations on vectors (10)

  ∙ vector examples (10)

24 Handling Circularly Dependent Classes

  ∙ Tightly coupled classes (10)

  ∙ Example: List and Cell (10)

  ∙ Circularity with #include (10)

  ∙ What happens? (10)

  ∙ Resolving circular dependencies (10)

25 References

  ∙ Reference types (11)

  ∙ Reference declarators (11)

  ∙ Use of named references (11)

  ∙ Reference parameters (11)

  ∙ Reference return values (11)

  ∙ Custom subscripting (11)

  ∙ Constant references (11)

  ∙ Comparison of reference and pointer (11)

  ∙ Concept summary (11)

  ∙ Type summary (11)

  ∙ Declaration syntax (11)

  ∙ Storing a list of objects in a data member (11)

  ∙ How to access (11)

26 Uses of Pointers

  ∙ Array data member (12)

  ∙ Composition (12)

  ∙ Aggregation (12)

  ∙ Fully dynamic aggregation (12)

  ∙ Pointer Arithmetic (12)

  ∙ Implementation (12)

27 Custody of Objects

  ∙ Copying and Moving (12)

  ∙ Custody (12)

  ∙ Transfer of Custody (12)

  ∙ Custody of dynamic extensions (12)

  ∙ Move versus copy (12)

28 Move Semantics

  ∙ When to move? (12)

  ∙ Temporaries (12)

  ∙ Move semantics (12)

  ∙ Motivation (12)

  ∙ Implementation in C++ (12)

  ∙ Move and copy constructors and assignment operators (12)

  ∙ Default constructors and assignment operators (12)

  ∙ Moving from a temporary object (12)

  ∙ Forcing a move from a non-temporary object (12)

  ∙ The full story (12)

  ∙ 12-BracketsWithMove demo (12)

29 Move Demo

  ∙ Special member functions demo (13)

  ∙ Special member functions demo (13)

  ∙ Default constructor and destructor (13)

  ∙ Additional constructor (13)

  ∙ Copy constructor and move constructor (13)

  ∙ Copy assignment (13)

  ∙ Move assignment (13)

  ∙ Invoking the special functions (13)

  ∙ Invoking the special functions (13)

  ∙ Invoking the special functions (13)

30 Bells and Whistles

  ∙ Optional parameters (13)

  ∙ const (13)

  ∙ const implicit argument (13)

  ∙ Operator extensions (13)

31 The Many Uses of Classes

  ∙ What is a class? (13)

32 Feedback on Programming Style

  ∙ Coding Hints (14)

  ∙ Zero-tolerance for compiler warnings (14)

  ∙ Declaration order in classes (14)

  ∙ Construct semantically consistent objects (14)

  ∙ Use break (14)

  ∙ Use tolower() (14)

  ∙ Use switch (14)

  ∙ Use stream input to read data (14)

  ∙ continue: Instead of (14)

  ∙ use continue: (14)

  ∙ Use new and delete, not malloc and free (14)

  ∙ End-of-file handling (14)

  ∙ Include guards (14)

  ∙ Where do the include guards go? (14)

33 Smart Pointer Demo

  ∙ Dangling pointers (14)

  ∙ Problems with shared objects (14)

  ∙ Avoiding dangling pointers (14)

  ∙ Modern C++ Smart Pointers (14)

  ∙ Smart pointers (14)

34 More on Course Goals

  ∙ Low-level details (14)

  ∙ Example picky detail (14)

  ∙ Efficient use of resources (14)

  ∙ Efficiency measurement (14)

35 Clocks and Time Measurement

  ∙ How to measure run time of a program (15)

  ∙ High resolution clocks (15)

  ∙ Measuring time in real systems (15)

36 Demo: Stopwatch

  ∙ Realtime measurements (15)

  ∙ HirezTime class (15)

  ∙ Versions of HirezTime (15)

  ∙ HirezTime structure (15)

  ∙ Printing a HirezTime number (15)

  ∙ StopWatch class (15)

  ∙ Casting a StopWatch to a HirezTime (15)

  ∙ Why it works (15)

37 Storage Model Revisited

  ∙ Object parts (16)

  ∙ Object parts (cont.) (16)

38 Functions Revisited

  ∙ Global vs. member functions (16)

  ∙ Defining global functions (16)

  ∙ Defining member functions (16)

  ∙ Operator syntax (16)

  ∙ Operator extension as member function (16)

  ∙ Operator extension as global function (16)

  ∙ Prefix unary operator extensions (16)

  ∙ Postfix unary operator extensions (16)

  ∙ Ambiguous operator extensions (16)

  ∙ Functional composition (17)

  ∙ Type compatibility (17)

  ∙ Calling constructors implicitly (17)

  ∙ Calling constructors explicitly (17)

  ∙ Conversion using constructor (17)

  ∙ Conversion using a cast (17)

  ∙ What if both options exist? (17)

39 Polymorphic Derivation

  ∙ Some uses for derived classes. (17)

  ∙ Type Hierarchies (17)

  ∙ Pointers and slicing (17)

  ∙ Ordinary derivation (17)

  ∙ Polymorphic derivation (17)

  ∙ Unions and type tags (17)

  ∙ Virtual destructors (17)

  ∙ Uses of polymorphism (17)

  ∙ Multiple representations (17)

  ∙ Heterogeneous containers (17)

40 Demo: Craps Game

  ∙ Game Rules (18)

  ∙ A Craps simulator (18)

  ∙ Uses of polymorphism: Run-time variability (18)

  ∙ Pure virtual functions (18)

  ∙ Abstract classes (18)

41 Name Visibility

  ∙ Private derivation (default) (18)

  ∙ Private derivation example (18)

  ∙ Public derivation (18)

  ∙ Public derivation example (18)

  ∙ The protected keyword (18)

  ∙ Protected derivation (18)

  ∙ Surprising example 1 (18)

  ∙ Surprising example 2: contrast the following (18)

  ∙ Surprising example 3 (18)

  ∙ Surprising example 1 (19)

  ∙ Surprising example 2: contrast the following (19)

  ∙ Surprising example 3 (19)

  ∙ Names, Members, and Contexts (19)

  ∙ Declaration and reference contexts (19)

  ∙ Declaration context example (19)

  ∙ Reference context example (19)

  ∙ Inside and outside class references (19)

  ∙ Examples (19)

  ∙ Inherited names (19)

  ∙ Inheritance example (19)

  ∙ Inheritance example (continued) (19)

  ∙ Inaccessible base class (19)

  ∙ Visibility rules (19)

  ∙ Explicit privacy attributes (19)

  ∙ Implicit privacy attributes (19)

  ∙ Implicit privacy chart (19)

  ∙ Summary (19)

42 Linear Data Structure Demo

  ∙ Using polymorphism (19)

  ∙ Interface file (19)

  ∙ Class Linear (19)

  ∙ Example: Stack (19)

  ∙ Example: Queue (19)

  ∙ Class structure (19)

  ∙ C++ features (19)

  ∙ #include structure (19)

43 Templates

  ∙ Template overview (20)

  ∙ Template functions (20)

  ∙ Specialization (20)

  ∙ Template classes (20)

  ∙ Compilation issues (20)

  ∙ Template parameters (20)

  ∙ Templatizing a class (20)

  ∙ Using template classes (20)

44 Casts and Conversions

  ∙ Casts in C (20)

  ∙ Different kinds of casts (20)

  ∙ C++ casts (20)

  ∙ Explicit cast syntax (20)

  ∙ Implicit casts (20)

  ∙ Ambiguity (20)

  ∙ explicit keyword (20)

45 Operator Extensions

  ∙ How to define operator extensions (21)

  ∙ Special case operator extensions (21)

46 Virtue Demo

  ∙ Virtual virtue (21)

  ∙ Main virtue (21)

47 Exceptions

  ∙ Exceptions (21)

  ∙ Exception handling (21)

  ∙ C-style solution using status returns (21)

  ∙ C++ exception mechanism (21)

  ∙ Throwing an exception (demo 21b-Exceptions) (21)

  ∙ Catching an exception (21)

  ∙ What kind of object should an exception throw? (21)

  ∙ Example: Stack template throws exception (21)

  ∙ Polymorphic exception classes (21)

  ∙ Standard exception class (22)

  ∙ Catching standard exceptions (22)

  ∙ Deriving your own exception classes from std::exception (22)

  ∙ Multiple catch blocks (22)

  ∙ Rethrow (22)

  ∙ A subtle fact about rethrow (22)

  ∙ Example of rethrowing an exception (demo 22a-Exceptions-rethrow) (22)

  ∙ Results (22)

  ∙ Throw restrictions (22)

  ∙ Uncaught exceptions: Ariane 5 (22)

  ∙ Uncaught exceptions: Ariane 5 (cont.) (22)

  ∙ Termination (22)

48 Code Reuse

  ∙ Reusable code (22)

  ∙ Problems with reusing code (22)

  ∙ How to allow variability (22)

  ∙ Specifying constraints (22)

49 Linear Containers

  ∙ Demo 19-Virtual (22)

  ∙ Sharing in 19-Virtual (22)

  ∙ Abstract containers (22)

50 Ordered Containers

  ∙ Demo 22b-Multiple (22)

  ∙ Ordered base class (22)

  ∙ class Item (22)

  ∙ Container base class (22)

  ∙ Additions to Linear (22)

  ∙ class Linear (22)

  ∙ class PQueue (22)

51 Multiple Inheritance

  ∙ What is multiple inheritance (22)

  ∙ Object structure (22)

  ∙ Diamond pattern (22)

  ∙ Virtual derivation (22)

52 Template Example

  ∙ Using templates with polymorphic derivation (22)

  ∙ Container class hierarchy (22)

  ∙ Item class hierarchy (22)

  ∙ Ordered template class (22)

  ∙ Alternative Ordered interfaces (22)

53 Linear Container Design

  ∙ Overview of linear container example (23)

  ∙ Item definitions (23)

  ∙ Differences in functionality (23)

  ∙ Class structure (23)

  ∙ Template structure (23)

  ∙ Further extensions (23)

  ∙ Two problems (23)

  ∙ Defining KeyType (23)

  ∙ Constructing the data elements (23)

  ∙ 23a-Multiple-template (23)

  ∙ Storage management (23)

54 STL and Polymorphism

  ∙ Derivation from STL containers (23)

  ∙ Replacing authority with understanding (23)

  ∙ Two kinds of derivation (23)

  ∙ How are they the same? (23)

  ∙ What is simple derivation good for? (23)

  ∙ What are the problems with simple derivation? (23)

  ∙ What is polymorphic derivation good for? (23)

  ∙ What are the problems of polymorphic derivation? (23)

  ∙ Contrasts between simple and polymorphic derivation (23)

  ∙ Containment as an alternative to simple derivation (23)

  ∙ Argument for containment (23)

  ∙ STL container as a base class (23)

  ∙ Can I turn an STL container into a polymorphic base class? (23)

  ∙ A polymorphic base class (23)

  ∙ Dynamic cast (23)

55 Design Patterns

  ∙ General OO principles (23)

56 General OO Principles

  ∙ General OO principles (24)

  ∙ Basic Principles for OO Design (24)

  ∙ Low coupling (24)

  ∙ High cohesion (24)

  ∙ Don’t talk to strangers! (24)

  ∙ Polymorphism (24)

  ∙ Chain of Responsibility (24)

57 Design Patterns

  ∙ What is a design pattern? (24)

  ∙ Adaptor pattern (24)

  ∙ Adaptor diagram (24)

  ∙ Indirection (24)

  ∙ Proxy pattern (24)

  ∙ Polymorphism pattern (24)

  ∙ Polymorphism diagram (24)

  ∙ Controller (24)

  ∙ Three kinds of controllers (24)

  ∙ Bridge pattern (24)

  ∙ Bridge diagram (24)

  ∙ Subject-Observer or Publish-Subscribe: problem (24)

  ∙ Subject-Observer or Publish-Subscribe: pattern (24)

  ∙ Subject-Observer or Publish-Subscribe: diagram (24)

  ∙ Singleton pattern (24)

  ∙ StringStore example (24)

58 Function-Like Constructs

  ∙ Named functions (25)

  ∙ Function calls (25)

  ∙ Function types (25)

  ∙ typedef for function types (25)

  ∙ A new way to give names to types (25)

  ∙ Function pointers (25)

  ∙ Anonymous functions (a.k.a. lambda functions) (25)

  ∙ Functors (25)

  ∙ Closures (25)

  ∙ Lambda capture (25)

  ∙ Closure example (25)

59 Graphical User Interfaces

  ∙ User Interfaces (25)

  ∙ Interfaces for C++ (25)

  ∙ Overall Structure of a GUI (25)

  ∙ Concurrency and Events (25)

  ∙ Event Loop (25)

  ∙ A GUI event structure (25)

  ∙ Interface between user and system code (25)

  ∙ Binding system calls to user functions (25)

  ∙ Polymorphic binding (25)

  ∙ Binding through callback registration (25)

  ∙ Callback using function pointers: GUI side (25)

  ∙ Callback using function pointer: User side (25)

  ∙ Type safety (25)

  ∙ Signals and slots (25)

60 The gtkmm Framework

  ∙ Structure of gtkmm (25)

  ∙ Compiling a gtkmm program (25)

  ∙ > pkg-config gtkmm-3.0 --cflags (25)

  ∙ Linking a gtkmm program (25)

  ∙ Using a GUI (25)

  ∙ Example: clock (25)

  ∙ Main program (25)