Spring 2023 Computer Science 458

Decision Problem of the Day

All cards have letters on one side and numbers on the other. You see four cards showing the signs or symbols A, K, 4, and 7 on the front side of the cards. The experimenter claims: “If there is a vowel on one side of the card, then there is an even number on the other side.”

The experimenter then asks: “Which card(s) must be turned over to check whether the rule applies? "

https://pollev.com/slade You may also download the app to your phone. Use the "slade" poll id.

Explanations

Previously, we discussed Ellen Langer's psychology experiment which suggested that any reason is OK, even if it does not seem to make sense. I invite you to be alert to explanations that you observe in the next several days, and to post any that may be exceptionally good (like getting a COVID vaccine) or wacky (like Aaron Judge). Post to Discussions on canvas.

Lecture: 2/6/2023

Assignments

You can begin work on hw 2 which deals with finance.

We have two guest speakers next week:

Monday February 13th: John Niccolai, Citadel.
Wednesday February 15th: Will Goetzmann, Yale School of Management.
Monday February 27th: Joanne Lipman (Yale Lecturer) and Rebecca Distler (AI and Public Health)

We will go out to dinner with John at Mory's. We will have a lottery in class on Wednesday to determine which students can attend. Professor Goetzmann, alas, cannot go to dinner. There will be a dinner for Joanne Lipman and Rebecca Distler at Villa Lulu.

Finance: A Quick Introduction

See yfinance.html

AI and Intentionality: The Chinese Room

See Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence John Searle, talk at Google. See 9 minutes in for discussion of cognitive science and Sloan talks at Yale.

See Minds, brains, and programs John R. Searle, The Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1980).

The Yale AI Project: Cognitive Modelling

See The Yale Artificial Intelligence Project: A Brief History Stephen Slade, AI Magazine, 1987.

See Conceptual Dependency and Its Descendants Steven Lytinen, 1992.

Conceptual Dependency (CD) (slides)
MARGIE: parse English into CD, infer other concepts, generate natural languge (English and German, later Chinese)
- Task Orientation
- Psychological process model
- Canonical representation of knowledge
- Translation, synonomy, paraphrase
- Inference
- Ambiguity
Scripts, plans, goals and understanding (the book Searle read)
- Scripts: SAM, FRUMP
- Plans: PAM, TALESPIN
  One day Joe Bear was hungry. He asked his friend Irving Bird where some honey was. Irving told him there was a beehive in the oak tree. Joe threatened to hit Irving if he didn’t tell him where some honey was.
  One day Joe Bear was hungry. He asked his friend Irving Bird where some honey was. Irving told him there was a beehive in the oak tree. Joe walked to the oak tree. He ate the beehive.
Learning, memory, and explantion
- Memory Organization Packets (MOPS)
- Bower, Black, and Turner
- CYRUS
- IPP
- Case-based systems (later topic)

The Realm of Decisions

What is a correct decision? See A Realistic Model of Rationality. This paper provides a high-level introduction to the topics we will discuss in this course: goals, plans, resources, relationships, goal adoption, explanations, subjective decisions, emotions, advice, and persuasion. We contrast it with the standard economic decision theory. We want to develop a theory that can be implemented in a computer program.
For discussion in class: draft reasons for and against each of the following:
- Getting a tattoo. Petersen Graph
- Getting a covid vaccine.

We assume that you have relationships with a variety of people: family, friends, colleagues, classmates, etc. Also discuss who among them will be affected by your choice, either positively or negatively. Discuss you decision process. Use the Discussions section of canvas (not Ed Discussion).

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