Spring 2023 Computer Science 458

Video of the day

See Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence John Searle, talk at Google. See 9 minutes in for discussion of cognitive science and Sloan talks at Yale.

Decision Problem of the Day

A certain town is served by two hospitals. In the larger hospital about 45 babies are born each day, and in the smaller hospital about 15 babies are born each day. As you know, about 50 percent of all babies are boys. However, the exact percentage varies from day to day. Sometimes it may be higher than 50 percent, sometimes lower.

For a period of 1 year, each hospital recorded the days on which more than 60 percent of the babies born were boys. Which hospital do you think recorded more such days ?

https://pollev.com/slade You may also download the app to your phone. Use the "slade" poll id.

Explanations

Previously, we discussed Ellen Langer's psychology experiment which suggested that any reason is OK, even if it does not seem to make sense. I invite you to be alert to explanations that you observe in the next several days, and to post any that may be exceptionally good (like getting a COVID vaccine) or wacky (like Aaron Judge). Post to Discussions on canvas.

Administrivia

As of last week, I have office hours Mondays and Wednesdays from 2 to 3pm, NOT on Friday, on zoom, id 459 434 2854.

Last Monday, our guest speaker was John Niccolai from Citadel. Students interested in employment options at Citadel should contact: Anthony Tutwiler (Anthony.Tutwiler@citadel.com), who is the campus recruiting contact for Yale, as well as Matt Mitro (Matt.Mitro@citadel.com) who oversees campus recruiting overall. Mention John's name when you contact them. John has informed them that they should be expecting to hear from you.

Last Wednesday, our guest speaker was Professor Will Goetzmann. A number of students wanted more information about his talk. Will suggested that you explore his website https://viking.som.yale.edu/ It has links to various papers, as well as an online Introduction to Investment Theory. At the end of his talk, Will invited students to contact him if they had questions about project ideas.

Next Monday's guest speaker is Joanne Lipman, a graduate of Yale and a lecturer at Yale, and her daughter, Rebecca Distler who is a graduate of Yale College and the School of Public Health, and the co-author of the linked Time Magazine article: "Schools Shouldn't Ban Access to ChatGPT" (January 11, 2023). There will be a dinner at Villa Lulu following their talk. We will have a lottery on Wednesday to select student attendees.

Assignments

hw 2 which deals with finance. See Ed Discussion note by Sam regarding alternative to yfinance. Also, the paper assignment is available.

Lecture: 2/20/2023

Finance: A Quick Introduction

See yfinance.html

We at yale have a license for Mathematica which has a lot of financial data baked in including blockchain:

https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FinancialData.html

https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FinancialAndEconomicData.html

Citigroup and 92nd Street Y

The Rejection by Woody Allen.

AI and Intentionality: The Chinese Room

See Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence John Searle, talk at Google. See 9 minutes in for discussion of cognitive science and Sloan talks at Yale.

See Minds, brains, and programs John R. Searle, The Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1980).

The Yale AI Project: Cognitive Modelling

See The Yale Artificial Intelligence Project: A Brief History Stephen Slade, AI Magazine, 1987.

See Conceptual Dependency and Its Descendants Steven Lytinen, 1992.

Conceptual Dependency (CD) (slides)
MARGIE: parse English into CD, infer other concepts, generate natural languge (English and German, later Chinese)
- Task Orientation
- Psychological process model
- Canonical representation of knowledge
- Translation, synonomy, paraphrase
- Inference
- Ambiguity
Scripts, plans, goals and understanding (the book Searle read)
- Scripts: SAM, FRUMP
- Plans: PAM, TALESPIN
  One day Joe Bear was hungry. He asked his friend Irving Bird where some honey was. Irving told him there was a beehive in the oak tree. Joe threatened to hit Irving if he didn’t tell him where some honey was.
  One day Joe Bear was hungry. He asked his friend Irving Bird where some honey was. Irving told him there was a beehive in the oak tree. Joe walked to the oak tree. He ate the beehive.
Learning, memory, and explantion
- Memory Organization Packets (MOPS)
- Bower, Black, and Turner
- CYRUS
- IPP
- Case-based systems (later topic)

The Realm of Decisions

What is a correct decision? See A Realistic Model of Rationality. This paper provides a high-level introduction to the topics we will discuss in this course: goals, plans, resources, relationships, goal adoption, explanations, subjective decisions, emotions, advice, and persuasion. We contrast it with the standard economic decision theory. We want to develop a theory that can be implemented in a computer program.
For discussion in class: draft reasons for and against each of the following:
- Getting a tattoo. Petersen Graph
- Getting a covid vaccine.

We assume that you have relationships with a variety of people: family, friends, colleagues, classmates, etc. Also discuss who among them will be affected by your choice, either positively or negatively. Discuss you decision process. Use the Discussions section of canvas (not Ed Discussion).

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