I asked Phil if he wanted me to share materials with the class. You have homework:
My recommendation for the students would be to have a read over these papers ahead of time:- First: Bainbridge, 1983 “Ironies of Automation” (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0005109883900468)
- Second: Leveson, 1995 “Medical Devices: Therac-25” (http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/therac.pdf)
I’ll belabour Therac-25 a fair bit, and I would suggest the students to think about who is to blame in the different scenarios. Anyone who brings up human error will be brave…
I’d also suggest that students spend some time thinking about some kind of automation they rely on heavily in their day-to-day, and make themselves really uncomfortable imagining the failure modes of that system. It could be something cyber security related, autonomous vehicles, etc. Think of themselves as the operator in that system, and how they would understand when the system might be lying to them, or where their own human nature might let them down (i.e. missing a warning light or a nagging alert that they often ignore). Tesla autopilot is my classic conversational example, but I am not sure how many of them might have that experience.
>>> import random >>> lst = list(range(1,8)) >>> lst [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] >>> random.shuffle(lst) >>> random.shuffle(lst) >>> random.shuffle(lst) >>> lst [5, 2, 4, 3, 7, 6, 1]Thus, here are the guests and alternates:
See Conceptual Dependency and Its Descendants Steven Lytinen, 1992.
One day Joe Bear was hungry. He asked his friend Irving Bird where some honey was. Irving told him there was a beehive in the oak tree. Joe threatened to hit Irving if he didn’t tell him where some honey was.One day Joe Bear was hungry. He asked his friend Irving Bird where some honey was. Irving told him there was a beehive in the oak tree. Joe walked to the oak tree. He ate the beehive.